Completion Date: 03 January 2020
Medium: Paint & ink on cardboard
Dimensions: 30 x 40 inches
Landmark Cases of the US Supreme Court
This piece chronologically lists landmark US Supreme Court rulings.
1
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
Established the doctrine of judicial review.
2
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
The Constitution gives the federal government certain implied powers.
3
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
The power to regulate interstate commerce encompasses the power to regulate navigation
4
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
Americans of African descent, whether free or slave, are not American citizens and cannot sue in federal court
5
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Racial segregation laws for public facilities are constitutional as long as the segregated facilities are equal in quality
6
Schenck v. United States (1919)
The freedom of speech protection can be restricted if the words represent to society a “clear and present danger.”
7
Korematsu v. United States (1944)
The exclusion order leading to the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII was constitutional
8
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
Separate schools are not equal
9
Cooper v. Aaron (1958)
States cannot nullify decisions of the federal courts
10
Mapp v. Ohio (1961)
Illegally obtained material cannot be used in a criminal trial
11
Engel v. Vitale (1962)
School initiated-prayer in the public school system violates the First Amendment
12
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Indigent defendants must be provided representation without charge
13
New York Times v. Sullivan (1964)
In order to prove libel, a public official must show that what was said against them was made with actual malice
14
Miranda v. Arizona (1966)
Police must inform suspects of their rights before questioning
15
Terry v. Ohio (1968)
Stop and frisks do not violate the Constitution under certain circumstances
16
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
Students do not leave their rights at the schoolhouse door
17
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Unduly restrictive state regulation of abortion is unconstitutional
18
United States v. Nixon (1974)
The President is not above the law
19
Goss v. Lopez (1975)
Students are entitled to certain due process rights
20
Regents of the U. of California v. Bakke (1978)
Racial quotas in university admissions process unconstitutional, but use of affirmative action to accept more minority applicants was constitutional in some circumstances
21
Bethel School District #43 v. Fraser (1987)
Students do not have a First Amendment right to make obscene speeches in school
22
Texas v. Johnson (1989)
Even offensive speech such as flag burning is protected by the First Amendment
23
Grutter v. Bollinger (2003)
Colleges and universities have a legitimate interest in promoting diversity
24
Roper v. Simmons (2005)
It is cruel and unusual punishment to execute persons for crimes they committed before age 18
